Semolina Biscuits

1. Semolina Biscuits (Halwat Smid / Ghraybeh bel Smid)

A Traditional Middle Eastern Sweet of Tender Texture and Buttery Flavor

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Introduction

Semolina biscuits — also known as Halwat Smid, Ghraybeh bel Smid, or Semolina Shortbread Cookies — are one of the most beloved and classic treats across the Arab world. These golden, soft, melt-in-the-mouth delights combine the simple beauty of semolina with the richness of butter to create a cookie that’s both rustic and refined.

They are characterized by their unique texture: soft yet crumbly, sandy yet smooth, with a subtle sweetness that makes them perfect alongside a cup of mint tea or Arabic coffee. The magic of these biscuits lies in their simplicity — no fancy equipment, just wholesome ingredients and patient hands.

Across generations, they have been a symbol of warmth and hospitality — baked for holidays, celebrations, and cozy family gatherings. Each bite tells a story of comfort, home, and timeless tradition.

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History of Semolina Biscuits

Semolina-based sweets have ancient roots that stretch back thousands of years. Semolina, derived from durum wheat, has been a staple grain in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean kitchens since antiquity. It was prized for its golden color, slightly nutty flavor, and rich texture.

In early Arab and Berber civilizations, semolina was used in both savory and sweet dishes — couscous, breads, and festive cakes. Over time, with the development of butter-making and sugar trade, semolina sweets evolved into delicate cookies like Halwat Smid.

By the Middle Ages, these biscuits became part of North African and Middle Eastern festive tables. In Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, they are commonly prepared during Eid and weddings; in Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine, similar cookies (like Ghraybeh or Maamoul Smid) became symbols of joy and celebration.

Their simple yet luxurious taste spread widely, earning them a cherished place in modern kitchens around the world.

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Ingredients (for about 40 pieces)

🔸 Dry Ingredients:

• 3 cups fine semolina (smid naem)
• ½ cup all-purpose flour (optional but improves tenderness)
• ½ teaspoon baking powder
• A pinch of salt

🔸 Wet Ingredients:

• 1 cup soft unsalted butter (at room temperature)
• ¾ cup powdered sugar
• 1 teaspoon vanilla extract or vanilla sugar
• 3 to 4 tablespoons milk (or as needed to bind)

🔸 Optional Aromatics:

• 1 teaspoon orange blossom water or rose water
• Zest of 1 lemon or orange
• Extra powdered sugar for dusting after baking

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Preparation & Method

🥣 Step 1: Prepare the Base Mixture

1. In a large mixing bowl, combine semolina, flour, baking powder, and salt.
2. Add soft butter and rub it into the dry mixture using your fingertips. Continue until the texture resembles coarse, damp sand.
   • This rubbing process coats the semolina grains in fat, ensuring a tender, melt-in-the-mouth texture.
4. Add powdered sugar and vanilla, then mix thoroughly.

🥛 Step 2: Form the Dough

1. Gradually add milk or floral water, one tablespoon at a time, while mixing gently.
2. Keep mixing until a soft, pliable dough forms — not sticky and not dry.
3. Cover the dough with a clean cloth and let it rest for 15–20 minutes.
   • Resting allows the semolina to absorb the butter and liquid fully, resulting in a smoother, more cohesive dough.

🍪 Step 3: Shape the Biscuits

1. Roll the dough out on a clean surface to about 1.5 cm (½ inch) thickness.
2. Cut into small rectangles or squares (approximately 2×4 cm).
3. Arrange the pieces neatly on a baking tray lined with parchment paper.
   • Leave a small space between each biscuit as they may expand slightly during baking.

🔥 Step 4: Bake

1. Preheat your oven to 170°C (340°F).
2. Bake for 15–20 minutes, depending on your oven.
3. Remove when the tops are lightly golden — do not overbake, as they should remain soft inside.
4. Allow them to cool completely on the tray before transferring to a plate.
   • The biscuits will firm up as they cool, maintaining their characteristic tenderness.

🌸 Step 5: Finishing Touch

• Once cooled, dust lightly with powdered sugar.
• Optionally drizzle with orange blossom syrup or dip one end in melted chocolate for a decorative touch.

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Formation & Shaping Tips

• Semolina Type: Use fine semolina (not coarse) for the perfect smooth texture.
• Butter Quality: High-quality unsalted butter provides flavor depth and richness.
• Resting Time: Never skip the resting period — it’s crucial for the semolina to soften and absorb moisture.
• Shapes: Rectangles are traditional, but you can also make them round, oval, or diamond-shaped.
• Decoration: A small fork mark, almond, or sesame seed on top adds a nice touch.

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Nutritional Benefits

While these biscuits are indulgent, they still carry several nutritional positives when consumed in moderation:

1. Energy Source: Semolina is rich in complex carbohydrates, providing long-lasting energy.
2. Minerals: Contains iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and trace minerals essential for metabolism.
3. Healthy Fats: Butter provides fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
4. Mood Enhancement: Sweet flavors trigger serotonin release, promoting relaxation.
5. Digestive Ease: Semolina’s smooth texture makes it easy to digest for most people.

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Nutritional Information (Approximate per biscuit – 25 g)

These values may vary depending on exact ingredients used.

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Serving Suggestions

• Serve with mint tea, Arabic coffee, or warm milk.
• They pair beautifully with jam, date paste, or chocolate spread.
• Can be presented on dessert platters during Eid, Ramadan, weddings, or family gatherings.
• Store in an airtight container at room temperature for up to 2 weeks.

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Why People Love These Biscuits

Semolina biscuits are adored for their soft texture, golden hue, and comforting aroma. The blend of butter and semolina produces a distinct sandy smoothness that dissolves gently in the mouth.

They are easy to prepare, require few ingredients, and always impress guests with their light, refined sweetness. Their nostalgic flavor reminds many people of family kitchens, festive mornings, and shared happiness over tea.

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Conclusion

Semolina biscuits stand as a beautiful example of how simple ingredients can create extraordinary results. Their history spans generations, their flavor warms the heart, and their texture makes them unforgettable.

Crisp on the outside, tender within, and delicately sweet — these cookies embody the soul of traditional Middle Eastern baking. Whether served during a holiday or on a quiet afternoon, they remain a timeless symbol of warmth, care, and home.